Оператор ALTER TABLE ... MODIFY QUERY

CREATE TABLE events (ts DateTime, event_type String)
ENGINE = MergeTree ORDER BY (event_type, ts);

CREATE TABLE events_by_day (ts DateTime, event_type String, events_cnt UInt64)
ENGINE = SummingMergeTree ORDER BY (event_type, ts);

CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mv TO events_by_day AS
SELECT toStartOfDay(ts) ts, event_type, count() events_cnt
FROM events
GROUP BY ts, event_type;

INSERT INTO events
SELECT DATE '2020-01-01' + interval number * 900 second,
       ['imp', 'click'][number%2+1]
FROM numbers(100);

SELECT ts, event_type, sum(events_cnt)
FROM events_by_day
GROUP BY ts, event_type
ORDER BY ts, event_type;

┌──────────────────ts─┬─event_type─┬─sum(events_cnt)─┐
│ 2020-01-01 00:00:00 │ click      │              48 │
│ 2020-01-01 00:00:00 │ imp        │              48 │
│ 2020-01-02 00:00:00 │ click      │               2 │
│ 2020-01-02 00:00:00 │ imp        │               2 │
└─────────────────────┴────────────┴─────────────────┘

-- Добавим новое измерение `cost`
-- и новое измерение `browser`.

ALTER TABLE events
  ADD COLUMN browser String,
  ADD COLUMN cost Float64;

-- Столбцы не обязаны совпадать в materialized view и TO
-- (целевой таблице), поэтому следующий ALTER не нарушает вставку.

ALTER TABLE events_by_day
    ADD COLUMN cost Float64,
    ADD COLUMN browser String after event_type,
    MODIFY ORDER BY (event_type, ts, browser);

INSERT INTO events
SELECT Date '2020-01-02' + interval number * 900 second,
       ['imp', 'click'][number%2+1],
       ['firefox', 'safary', 'chrome'][number%3+1],
       10/(number+1)%33
FROM numbers(100);

-- Новые столбцы `browser` и `cost` пусты, так как мы ещё не изменили Materialized View.

SELECT ts, event_type, browser, sum(events_cnt) events_cnt, round(sum(cost),2) cost
FROM events_by_day
GROUP BY ts, event_type, browser
ORDER BY ts, event_type;

┌──────────────────ts─┬─event_type─┬─browser─┬─events_cnt─┬─cost─┐
│ 2020-01-01 00:00:00 │ click      │         │         48 │    0 │
│ 2020-01-01 00:00:00 │ imp        │         │         48 │    0 │
│ 2020-01-02 00:00:00 │ click      │         │         50 │    0 │
│ 2020-01-02 00:00:00 │ imp        │         │         50 │    0 │
│ 2020-01-03 00:00:00 │ click      │         │          2 │    0 │
│ 2020-01-03 00:00:00 │ imp        │         │          2 │    0 │
└─────────────────────┴────────────┴─────────┴────────────┴──────┘

ALTER TABLE mv MODIFY QUERY
  SELECT toStartOfDay(ts) ts, event_type, browser,
  count() events_cnt,
  sum(cost) cost
  FROM events
  GROUP BY ts, event_type, browser;

INSERT INTO events
SELECT Date '2020-01-03' + interval number * 900 second,
       ['imp', 'click'][number%2+1],
       ['firefox', 'safary', 'chrome'][number%3+1],
       10/(number+1)%33
FROM numbers(100);

SELECT ts, event_type, browser, sum(events_cnt) events_cnt, round(sum(cost),2) cost
FROM events_by_day
GROUP BY ts, event_type, browser
ORDER BY ts, event_type;

┌──────────────────ts─┬─event_type─┬─browser─┬─events_cnt─┬──cost─┐
│ 2020-01-01 00:00:00 │ click      │         │         48 │     0 │
│ 2020-01-01 00:00:00 │ imp        │         │         48 │     0 │
│ 2020-01-02 00:00:00 │ click      │         │         50 │     0 │
│ 2020-01-02 00:00:00 │ imp        │         │         50 │     0 │
│ 2020-01-03 00:00:00 │ click      │ firefox │         16 │  6.84 │
│ 2020-01-03 00:00:00 │ click      │         │          2 │     0 │
│ 2020-01-03 00:00:00 │ click      │ safary  │         16 │  9.82 │
│ 2020-01-03 00:00:00 │ click      │ chrome  │         16 │  5.63 │
│ 2020-01-03 00:00:00 │ imp        │         │          2 │     0 │
│ 2020-01-03 00:00:00 │ imp        │ firefox │         16 │ 15.14 │
│ 2020-01-03 00:00:00 │ imp        │ safary  │         16 │  6.14 │
│ 2020-01-03 00:00:00 │ imp        │ chrome  │         16 │  7.89 │
│ 2020-01-04 00:00:00 │ click      │ safary  │          1 │   0.1 │
│ 2020-01-04 00:00:00 │ click      │ firefox │          1 │   0.1 │
│ 2020-01-04 00:00:00 │ imp        │ firefox │          1 │   0.1 │
│ 2020-01-04 00:00:00 │ imp        │ chrome  │          1 │   0.1 │
└─────────────────────┴────────────┴─────────┴────────────┴───────┘

-- !!! При выполнении `MODIFY ORDER BY` PRIMARY KEY был неявно добавлен.

SHOW CREATE TABLE events_by_day FORMAT TSVRaw

CREATE TABLE test.events_by_day
(
    `ts` DateTime,
    `event_type` String,
    `browser` String,
    `events_cnt` UInt64,
    `cost` Float64
)
ENGINE = SummingMergeTree
PRIMARY KEY (event_type, ts)
ORDER BY (event_type, ts, browser)

-- !!! Определение столбцов не изменилось, но это не важно — мы обращаемся не к
-- MATERIALIZED VIEW, а к таблице TO (хранилищу).
-- Секция SELECT обновлена.

SHOW CREATE TABLE mv FORMAT TSVRaw;

CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW test.mv TO test.events_by_day
(
    `ts` DateTime,
    `event_type` String,
    `events_cnt` UInt64
) AS
SELECT
    toStartOfDay(ts) AS ts,
    event_type,
    browser,
    count() AS events_cnt,
    sum(cost) AS cost
FROM test.events
GROUP BY
    ts,
    event_type,
    browser

CREATE TABLE src_table (`a` UInt32) ENGINE = MergeTree ORDER BY a;
CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mv (`a` UInt32) ENGINE = MergeTree ORDER BY a AS SELECT a FROM src_table;
INSERT INTO src_table (a) VALUES (1), (2);
SELECT * FROM mv;

┌─a─┐
│ 1 │
│ 2 │
└───┘

ALTER TABLE mv MODIFY QUERY SELECT a * 2 as a FROM src_table;
INSERT INTO src_table (a) VALUES (3), (4);
SELECT * FROM mv;

┌─a─┐
│ 6 │
│ 8 │
└───┘
┌─a─┐
│ 1 │
│ 2 │
└───┘

ALTER TABLE [db.]name MODIFY REFRESH EVERY|AFTER ... [RANDOMIZE FOR ...] [DEPENDS ON ...] [SETTINGS ...]

-- Change the schedule.
ALTER TABLE rmv MODIFY REFRESH EVERY 30 MINUTE;

-- Change retry settings (schedule must be repeated).
ALTER TABLE rmv MODIFY REFRESH EVERY 30 MINUTE
SETTINGS refresh_retries = 5,
         refresh_retry_initial_backoff_ms = 500,
         refresh_retry_max_backoff_ms = 60000;

-- Add or keep a dependency.
ALTER TABLE rmv MODIFY REFRESH EVERY 6 HOUR DEPENDS ON other_rmv;

-- Drop the dependency by omitting `DEPENDS ON`.
ALTER TABLE rmv MODIFY REFRESH EVERY 6 HOUR;