Fresh-data path Query-ready data Newly written Ordered raw data Ordered pre- aggregated Query engine Query compute Fresh data continuously Fast answers continuously ClickHouse Cloud · Fresh-data path Query-ready data Ingest service Ordered raw data Ordered pre- aggregated Query engine Query compute Fresh data continuously Fast answers continuously In memory Order Pre-aggregate + order Other systems · Fresh-data path Query-ready data Data ingestion Ordered raw data Pre-aggregated data Query engine Query compute Fresh data continuously Fast answers continuously Async ordering Async pre-agg refresh
Ordering work
Caught up
Pre-aggregation work
Caught up
Scan work
Less
Aggregate work
Less
Latency &
query cost
↓ Lower
Background merges preserve order + combine summaries
Batch 8 Batch 7 Batch 2
Architecture explanation adapted from deck slide 32f. Work levels and batch motion are qualitative. Raw data and pre-aggregations advance from the same incoming insert batch. This does not promise cross-table atomic visibility.